Surveillance of polychlorinated biphenyl congeneric patterns in human breast milk from 1973 to 2000 in Osaka, Japan.

OBJECTIVE Because the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in 1970's was performed using a packed column gas chromatograph, with an electron capture detector to determine total-PCB concentration, analytical data obtained by this analysis do not meet the requirement for the risk assessment of PCB congeners. In this context, the present study was carried out to reevaluate the congeneric analysis data by analyzing breast milk fat specimens that have been kept frozen. METHODS PCB congeners in human breast milk were analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) using a capillary column for the selected ion monitoring (SIM) of PCBs. RESULTS Twelve major PCB congeners were detected in breast milk. The concentrations of all congeners of PCBs in breast milk were found to decrease annually, and their changes over time differed greatly for each congener. Between 1973 and 2000, almost no changes in the proportions of the 12 congeners of heptachlorinated biphenyls (HpCBs) and hexachlorinated biphenyls (HxCBs) were found whereas a marked and a slight decrease in the proportion of pentachlorinated biphenyls (PeCBs) and tetrachlorinated biphenyls (TeCBs), respectively, were observed. CONCLUSIONS The PCB contamination of the Japanese population is estimated to be largely caused by seafood intake, but the proportions of PCB congeners in fish commodities were different from those in breast milk. The absorption, metabolism and therefore the accumulation of PCBs in the human body differ greatly depending on the congener.